The Parisian club has now won the season-opening cup on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match featuring the French league champions and the French Cup winners after the French winger opened the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side struck two times in the closing moments to take a surprise advantage. First, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial leveler in the final seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving decisive attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.